Clinical relevance and treatment possibilities of bipolar rapid cycling.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Bipolar rapid cycling (RC) is defined as 4 or more affective episodes within 1 year. It has been postulated that RC is related to a poor response to lithium, to the same extent as mixed episodes or other atypical symptoms of the illness. This article reviews the current status of alternative pharmacological or otherwise supportive therapies of RC. Biological parameters and characteristics of the illness associated with RC like gender prevalence in women, hyperthyroidism, catecholamine-O-methyltransferase allele, the influence of sleep, different subtypes of bipolar disorder and the risk of antidepressant-induced cycling will be discussed in detail.
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Kraepelin was the first who recognized the phenomenon of cycling in bipolar disorder in 1913. The term rapid cycling was proposed by Dunner and Fieve in 1974. Later on, Kramlinger and Post defined ultra-rapid cycling and ultradian cycling in 1996. Frequent rapid mood switches are an inherent characteristic of bipolar disorder, and rapid cycling is included as a course specifier for bipolar diso...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Neuropsychobiology
دوره 45 Suppl 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2002